What does the law say about electric bicycles?
Electric bikes are gaining popularity due to their practicality and environmental impact. However, to ride safely and legally, it's essential to be familiar with the regulations in force.
Here's everything you need to know about the subject!
Understanding electric bike legislation
An electrically assisted bicycle (EAB) is defined by law as a bicycle equipped with an auxiliary electric motor. This motor must not exceed a power of 250 watts and must only activate when the cyclist pedals, with a maximum speed of 25 km/h. Therefore, there is no point in looking for a 3000 watt bicycle, as it will no longer be considered a bicycle under the law, and the applicable regulations will be different.
The legislation also specifies that e-bikes must follow the same traffic rules as traditional bikes. They are allowed on cycle paths and roads , but prohibited on sidewalks .
For more information you can consult the public service website regarding the registration and speed rules for electric bikes .
Current standards for electric bicycles
The standards in force for electric bicycles regulate both manufacturers and users in order to guarantee their safety and compliance.
What are the standards for an electric bike? Manufacturers must ensure that bikes meet the EN 15194 standard , which specifies safety, performance, and manufacturing requirements. This standard includes rigorous testing of electrical components, such as batteries and motors , to prevent the risk of overheating and fire.
For users , standards require that electric bikes be equipped with certain safety features. They must have front and rear lights , reflectors on the wheels and pedals, and a bell . The motor must also automatically cut out as soon as the speed reaches 25 km/h or the user stops pedaling , not to mention the need for an efficient braking system that complies with safety standards.
Mandatory and recommended equipment for electric bikes
For safe and compliant use of e-bikes, it is crucial to know the mandatory and recommended equipment.
Mandatory equipment for electric bikes: The law requires several types of safety equipment for electric bikes, such as:
- front and rear lights , to ensure good visibility day and night;
- reflectors on the wheels and pedals, as well as on the sides of the bike;
- a bell , essential for warning pedestrians and other cyclists;
- effective brakes on both wheels.
As for the often asked question: Is it mandatory to wear a helmet on an electric bike? The answer is yes! French law stipulates that wearing a helmet is mandatory for children under 12 years old , whether they are drivers or passengers. For adults, helmets are still strongly recommended, although they are not mandatory.
Recommended Equipment: Although not mandatory, certain equipment is strongly recommended to ensure your safety on an electric bike. These include:
- wearing a helmet , even for adults, which can significantly reduce the risk of serious injury in the event of a fall;
- reflective safety vests , to be more visible, especially at night or in low light;
- protective gloves , for a better grip on the handlebars and to protect the hands in the event of a fall;
- a rearview mirror, to monitor the traffic behind you;
and of course a solid electric bike lock !
To learn more about this topic, please consult our FAQ !
Traffic rules specific to electric bicycles
Electric bicycles are subject to specific traffic regulations to ensure the safety of all road users. Electric bicycle regulations therefore provide clear guidelines on where and how these bicycles must be used.
Where should an e-bike be ridden? E-bikes must be ridden on cycle paths where available. Where there are no cycle paths, they may be ridden on the roadway, subject to the same rules as traditional bicycles.
However, it is strictly forbidden for them to ride on sidewalks, unless specifically authorized by signage!
Are electric bikes restricted? Yes, according to the new e-bike regulations, electrically assisted bikes are restricted. The law requires that the electric motor's assistance automatically cuts off when the speed reaches 25 km/h. This limitation is primarily intended to ensure everyone's safety and to align the use of electric bikes with that of conventional bicycles.
In addition to these regulations, there are Speed Pedelec electric bikes, which can reach speeds of up to 45 km/h. The 45 km/h electric bike legislation classifies these bikes as mopeds , requiring stricter safety equipment and specific traffic regulations. Speed Pedelec users must then wear an approved helmet, have insurance, and register their bike. They are also required to ride on the road and not on cycle paths.
The consequences of non-compliance with legislation
Failure to comply with the legislation on electric bicycles can have several consequences for users, consequences which vary depending on the seriousness of the offence (fines, confiscation of the bicycle, or even criminal sanctions in the event of a repeat offence or particularly dangerous behaviour):
- Fines : Violating traffic rules, such as riding on the sidewalk or exceeding the posted speed limit, can result in fines. For example, failing to comply with rules regarding lighting or signaling devices (such as lights and reflectors) can result in a fine of €11 to €38;
- Bicycle confiscation : In cases of repeated or serious violations, law enforcement may confiscate the e-bike. This may occur if the bike has been modified to exceed legal speed limits, or if mandatory safety equipment is not in place;
- Criminal penalties : For more serious offenses, such as dangerous driving or driving under the influence of alcohol, penalties can include prison sentences. Driving under the influence of alcohol, for example, is punishable by a fine of up to €750 and the withdrawal of your driving license (B license). It is also prohibited to modify the speed limit device of an e-bike, which can be punished by a fine of up to €30,000 and one year of imprisonment, with a driving license suspension for 3 years.
- Impact on insurance : Failure to comply with the legislation can also have consequences for insurance. In the event of an accident, if the bicycle does not comply with the regulations (for example, if it has been unbridled to exceed 25 km/h), the insurance company may refuse to cover the damage, leaving the user solely responsible for the costs;
- Civil liability : Electric bike users should also be aware of their civil liability in the event of an accident. Failure to comply with traffic regulations can result in liability being held, with significant financial consequences if third parties are injured.
The importance of choosing a compliant electric bike
Choosing an electric bike that complies with current standards and regulations is absolutely essential to ensure not only the rider's safety, but also to avoid legal penalties. Here are some tips for choosing an electric bike that fully complies with all current regulations:
- Check the motor's compliance : The electric bike's motor must have a maximum power of 250 watts and the electric assistance must automatically cut off when the bike reaches 25 km/h. Also make sure that the motor only works when you pedal;
- Make sure you have the required equipment : A compliant e-bike must be equipped with front and rear lights, reflectors on the wheels and pedals, and a bell. Brakes must also be present on both wheels and work effectively;
- Look at battery safety : The battery must be rechargeable and comply with European safety standards. This includes electromagnetic compatibility and charger safety to avoid the risk of overheating and fire;
- Check certificates and labels : Look for certifications like EN 15194, which guarantees that the bike meets safety and performance requirements;
- Mandatory marking : Since January 2021, all new and used bicycles must be marked with an identification number to prevent theft. This marking must be carried out by the seller and recorded in a national file;
- Evaluate components and build quality : Finally, the materials used for the frame, wheels, and other components should be durable and of high quality. Good suspension and tires suited to different terrain types can further improve safety and comfort.
If you're wondering why the Anod Hybrid is an example of compliance , here's what you need to know about it:
- Motor Compliance : Anod bikes are equipped with 250-watt motors, complying with the power limit imposed by law. The electric assistance cuts off at 25 km/h, in accordance with regulations;
- Complete equipment : Each Anod bike is equipped with front and rear lights, reflectors, a bell and high-performance brakes, for optimal use day and night.
- Safe batteries : The batteries used by Anod comply with European safety standards, guaranteeing use without risk of overheating or fire;
- Marking and traceability : Anod ensures that each bicycle is marked with a unique identification number and registered, in accordance with legislation to prevent theft;
Component Quality : Anod bikes are built with high-quality materials, providing durability and performance, making them a safe and reliable choice for users.
