Performance Tests and Validation of the Anod Hybrid Supercapacitor

 

After validating the robustness and stability of the S.A.F.E. technology—whose tests demonstrated its ability to withstand crushing, drops, short circuits, and overcharging without any risk of thermal runaway, smoke, or fire—Anod focused on assessing the real-world performance of its hybrid supercapacitor.

This reliability, already far superior to that of conventional lithium-ion batteries, provides a solid foundation for evaluating its operational performance.

The purpose of these tests: to measure the system’s ability to deliver ultra-fast charging, exceptional longevity, and consistent efficiency—even under extreme climate conditions.

Conducted according to a rigorous and reproducible protocol, these evaluations confirm that Anod technology stands as a sustainable and high-performance alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries.

Each test is documented with:

• implementation conditions,
• observed results,
• a comparison with the typical behavior of a lithium-ion battery.

👉 You can find detailed safety tests here: Evaluation of the robustness and stability of the S.A.F.E. technology.

1. Ultra-fast Charging

Test Conditions

To verify that a supercapacitor can support ultra-fast charging, two key criteria are monitored:

• its capacity, meaning the energy it can store and release;
• its internal resistance, which determines its ability to accept high currents without heating.

The supercapacitor is charged at very high current (≈10C) and then discharged to its minimum value. This cycle is repeated several times.

At each step, delivered capacity, internal resistance, and temperature are measured to ensure the cell remains stable even under high stress.

Results

The hybrid supercapacitor maintains a capacity nearly identical to its initial value (≈2444 mAh), demonstrating that it supports fast charging without performance loss.

It remains electrically stable, with low internal resistance (≈7.2 mΩ), and shows no abnormal signs: no overheating, swelling, or gas release.

Compared with Lithium-ion

Standard lithium-ion batteries are limited to around 1C. Some “power” cells reach 2C, but with significantly degraded capacity and lifespan.

They also exhibit higher internal resistance, resulting in:

• significant temperature rise,
• energy loss converted into heat,
• limited charging speed.

The hybrid supercapacitor, however, accepts much higher currents (up to 10C) with no degradation, enabling charging times up to 10× faster.

Technology	Typical charge power	Time to 75 %	Time to 100 %
Lithium – standard charger	2 A	~2 h	~3 h
Lithium – fast charge	4 A	~1 h	~ 2 h
Anod hybrid supercapacitor	20–40 A*	15 min	25 min

* For S.A.F.E. hybrid-supercapacitor batteries from 216 Wh to 432 Wh.

2. Longevity & Life Cycles

Test Conditions

Cell lifespan is evaluated through repeated charge/discharge cycles under controlled conditions. At regular intervals (up to 7,200 cycles), remaining capacity is measured.

Results

• 98% after 1,000 cycles
• 93% after 5,000 cycles
• Over 92% after 7,200 cycles

These results confirm exceptional endurance and long-term stability.

Compared with Lithium-ion

A lithium-ion battery typically loses around 20% of its capacity after only 500–1,000 cycles.

The hybrid supercapacitor therefore offers a lifespan several times greater, without significant performance loss.

3. Usable Temperature Range

Test Conditions

Temperature performance was evaluated by charging the supercapacitor at room temperature, then discharging it under various conditions ranging from –40 °C to +65 °C.

At each temperature level, the actual delivered capacity (mAh) was measured to verify energy stability.

Results

• The hybrid supercapacitor maintains stable performance across its entire operating range, from –40 °C to +65 °C.
• Capacity only begins to decrease noticeably below –20 °C, and even at –5 °C, performance remains nearly identical to that at room temperature.

Compared with Lithium-ion

Traditional lithium-ion batteries experience sharp performance drops at 0 °C and become nearly unusable around –20 °C. It is also strongly discouraged to charge them below 0 °C due to the risk of thermal runaway.

The hybrid supercapacitor, on the other hand, remains fully operational and safe under these conditions.

4. Energy Density Measurement

Test Conditions

• use a laboratory power supply to apply controlled charging profiles,
• discharge the pack using an active load while measuring voltage and current (suitable sensors),
• measure the pack’s effective capacity,
• relate this capacity to total pack weight to determine energy density in Wh/kg.

Results

Tests show that the Anod hybrid supercapacitor reaches an energy density of 162 Wh/kg (at full pack level).

This means the system offers both an excellent ability to accept very high currents and an energy density well-suited for applications such as micromobility or industrial robotics.

Compared with Other Technologies

• NMC chemistry currently offers the highest energy density on the market, but also the highest risk of thermal runaway—a phenomenon widely documented on our participatory incident map.
• LFP and sodium-ion technologies provide energy densities close to that of our hybrid supercapacitor, but cannot accept high charging currents: their charging speed is therefore very limited compared to our solution.

Conclusion

These tests demonstrate that the hybrid supercapacitor combines fast charging, thermal stability, and endurance over thousands of cycles, without compromising safety.

Where lithium-ion technology reaches its limits, our solution maintains its performance and ensures long-lasting reliability.

These results confirm the potential of the hybrid supercapacitor to redefine energy standards in micromobility, industrial robotics, and energy storage systems.

👉 To learn more about safety, see the article on the robustness and stability of S.A.F.E. technology and the participatory incident map created by Anod, which lists lithium-ion battery incidents.